Western & Atlantic 4-4-0 "American" Type Locomotives

Class General (Locobase 2545)

Data from a W & A roster compiled by Allen Stanley strongly suggests that 4 other locomotives -- Governor, President, Senator, and Chieftain (36, 37, 41, 42, respectively) -- were built to the same design. Governor arrived first in Feb 1855, President was delivered in November and General in December. Senator and Chieftain arrived in April 1856. The names are of a type, they all came from the same builder, and they differ from other locomotives delivered at the same time.

General is the famous American used in 1862's Great Locomotive Chase in which a group of Union officers and men highjacked a Confederate locomotive and headed north. After several close calls, the persistence of the pursuing conductor Fuller paid off and the engine, out of fuel and steam, puttered to a halt. All of the Union men were captured and several executed.

Hollingsworth (1982) has an interesting take on this well-known incident, which he says highlights two characteristics of the US American design: "First, in spite of the rough track, high maximum speeds of around 60 mph were reached ...and both [the pursuing Texas was another 4-4-0 with the same basic dimensions but produced by Danforth, Cooke in October 1856] stayed on the rails. ...[Also], the range between fuel stops was very short. A full load of two cords of wood fuel ...would last for a mere 50 miles.

The specifications given come from John White's (1968) Appendix E and differ from those in Hollingsworth. The working pressure given in that data (140 psi) seems high for the period and it's possible this was a test pressure. A more likely setting was 120 psi.

Specifications
ClassGeneral
Locobase ID2545
RailroadWestern & Atlantic
Whyte4-4-0
Road Numbers36-37, 39, 41-42
Gauge5'
BuilderRogers
Year1855
Valve GearStephenson
Locomotive Length and Weight
Driver Wheelbase7'
Engine Wheelbase20.50'
Ratio of driving wheelbase to overall engine wheebase 0.34
Overall Wheelbase (engine & tender)
Axle Loading (Maximum Weight per Axle)
Weight on Drivers32000 lbs
Engine Weight50000 lbs
Tender Light Weight
Total Engine and Tender Weight0
Tender Water Capacity2000 gals
Tender Fuel Capacity (oil/coal)2 tons
Minimum weight per yard of rail on which locomotive could run27 lb rail
Geometry Relating to Tractive Effort
Driver Diameter60"
Boiler Pressure120 psi
Cylinders (dia x stroke)15" x 22"
Tractive Effort8415 lbs
Factor of Adhesion (Weight on Drivers/Tractive Effort) 3.80
Heating Ability
Firebox Area71.08 sq. ft
Grate Area12.46 sq. ft
Evaporative Heating Surface819
Superheating Surface
Combined Heating Surface819
Evaporative Heating Surface/Cylinder Volume182.01
Computations Relating to Power Output (More Information)
Robert LeMassena's Power Computation1495
Same as above plus superheater percentage1495
Same as above but substitute firebox area for grate area8530
Power L13132
Power MT431.55

Credits

Introduction and specifications provided by Steve Llanso of Sweat House Media.