Adirondack & St Lawrence / Central Vermont 4-4-0 "American" Locomotives in the USA


Class Details by Steve Llanso of Sweat House Media

Class 1060 / C-X (Locobase 14546)

Data from Dimensions and Classifications of Locomotives of the NYC&HR et al, September 1905, p. 326. Works numbers were 561 (later road number 1061) and 563 (later raod number 1060).

In the 1905 guide, the New York Central assigned the same class ID to several locomotives of different, but relatively ancient, origins. Each variant was different enough that Locobase breaks them out into a series of entries (14544-14546). 1060 had 69"(1753 mm) drivers, 1061 rolled on 70"(1778 mm) wheels.


Class 11/C-1 (Locobase 11114)

Data from Schenectady Locomotive Works, Illustrated Catalogue of Simple and Compound Locomotives (Philadelphia: J B Lippincott, 1897), pp. 32-33. See also "Webb's Wilderness Railroad" on the Penney, Vanderbilt and KC Jones: All About Railroads website at [], last accessed on 1 January 2019. Works numbers were 3511-3512 in May 1891 and 3513-3514 in July 1891.

Not to be confused with the St Lawrence & Adirondack, this railway was built to exploit the vast timber reserves in the Adirondacks. It also provided a direct route to the St Lawrence valley.

W Seward Webb (named for the New York governor who pardoned Webb's father in an earlier decade), intended the road to run 178 miles (287 miles). Just before it was completed, Webb sold the road to the New York Central in August 1892.

The New York Central sold all four locomotives to the Central Vermont. 11-12 were renumbered 232-233. This pair was sold to the Rutland in 1901, where they took road numbers 182-183. When the New York Central gained control of the Rutland in 1905, they placed the engines in class C-1 and renumbered them 862-863. But when the Central cut loose the Rutland in 1914, they returned to the Vermont railroad's fold and were

renumbered yet again, this time to 82-83.

The Rut retired the 82 in 1932, but 83 wasn't done traveling. Well before the 82's retirement, the 83 wound up as Ft Smith & Western #9 in 1920. In 1931, the railroad renumbered the 9 as the second #4 on their line. The 4 was retired in 1940.

The second pair never left the CV, where they were placed in class B-3b and renumbered 107-108 in 1892, 102-103 in 1900. (108 had taken the name F S Stranahan.) 103 was scrapped in February 1926, 102 in June 1927,


Class 324/C-28 (Locobase 14542)

Data from Dimensions and Classifications of Locomotives of the NYC&HR et al, September 1905, p. 323. See also DeGolyer, Volume16, p. 60. (Thanks to Chris Hohl for his 5 May 2017 email noting the original tender capacities and original driver diameter.) Works numbers were 10924-10925 in May 1890.

These passenger Eight-wheelers served several railroads in New England, starting with the CV, but soon transferring to the Ogdensburg & Lake Champlain. In 1901, the Rutland bought both and renumbered them 172-173.

When the New York Central lines briefly gained control of the Rutland in 1905, the two veterans were placed in class C-28 and renumbered 795-796. By that time their tenders held 4,200 gallons (15,897 litres) of water and 9 tons (8.15 tonnes) of coal; they weighed 90,000 lb (40,823 kg) each. Thicker tires increased driver diameters to 69" (1,753 mm).

795 was scrapped in May 1910, but 796 survived long enough to return to the Rutland in 1914.


Class M G Elliot/C-X (Locobase 14544)

Data from Dimensions and Classifications of Locomotives of the NYC&HR et al, September 1905, p. 325.

In the 1905 guide, the New York Central assigned the same class ID to several locomotives of different, but relatively ancient, origins. Each variant was different enough from the others that Locobase breaks them out into a series of entries (14544-14546).

Locobase's reconstruction of this engine's history places its origin at the CV's St Alban's shops in 1873. Delivered with road number 65, it was renumbered 85 in November 1872. The CV transferred the 85 to its New London Northern division in October 1894. (The NLN's predecessor was the New London, Willimantic and Palmer, which opened in September 1849.)

The CV reclaimed the 85 in 1900. A year later, it was operating for the Rutland under the same road number.

But in 1905, the New York Central took over the Rutland (for a decade) and assigned the 85 to its catch-all C-X class as 1058. By 1913, the 1058 was off the roster and presumably scrapped.


Class Saint Lawrence (Locobase 16335)

Data from Locobase 16391.

Locobase 16391 describes Dr William Seward Webb's 2-6-4T inspection engine as it arrived on the St Lawrence & Adirondack. Almost immediately, the Adirondack was taken over by the Central Vermont, which renumbered the engine with 109. In 1896, CV's shops detached the coal bunker and fitted a tender holding 5 tons (4 1/2 metric tons) of coal and 2,600 US gallons (9,840 litres) of water. Her configuration as an inspection engine did not change..

The now 4-4-0 remained on the CV until it was scrapped in August 1928.

Principal Dimensions by Steve Llanso of Sweat House Media

Class1060 / C-X11/C-1324/C-28M G Elliot/C-XSaint Lawrence
Locobase ID14546 11114 14542 14544 16335
RailroadCentral VermontAdirondack & St Lawrence (CV)Central VermontCentral VermontCentral Vermont (CV)
CountryUSAUSAUSAUSAUSA
Whyte4-4-04-4-04-4-04-4-04-4-0
Number in Class24211
Road Numbers1060-106111-14324, 326/172-173/795-79616/85/1058109
GaugeStdStdStdStdStd
Number Built24211
BuilderSchenectadySchenectadyBurnham, Parry, Williams & CoCVSchenectady
Year18691891189018731893
Valve GearStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephenson
Locomotive Length and Weight
Driver Wheelbase (ft / m)8 / 2.449 / 2.74 8.25 / 2.518 / 2.44 7.50 / 2.29
Engine Wheelbase (ft / m)21.75 / 6.6323.92 / 7.2922.08 / 6.7322.17 / 6.7631.92 / 9.73
Ratio of driving wheelbase to overall engine wheelbase 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.36 0.23
Overall Wheelbase (engine & tender) (ft / m)41.67 / 12.7046.12 / 14.0645.83 / 13.9745 / 13.7231.92 / 9.73
Axle Loading (Maximum Weight per Axle) (lbs / kg)
Weight on Drivers (lbs / kg)49,000 / 22,22670,000 / 31,75255,000 / 24,94845,400 / 20,59356,700 / 25,719
Engine Weight (lbs / kg)77,000 / 34,927104,000 / 47,17487,900 / 39,87172,500 / 32,885134,400 / 60,963
Tender Loaded Weight (lbs / kg)60,500 / 27,44263,900 / 28,985
Total Engine and Tender Weight (lbs / kg)137,500 / 62,369136,400 / 61,870
Tender Water Capacity (gals / ML)2600 / 9.853600 / 13.643500 / 13.263000 / 11.362300 / 8.71
Tender Fuel Capacity (oil/coal) (gals/tons / Liters/MT)6 / 69 / 88 / 74 / 4
Minimum weight of rail (calculated) (lb/yd / kg/m)41 / 20.5058 / 2946 / 2338 / 1947 / 23.50
Geometry Relating to Tractive Effort
Driver Diameter (in / mm)69 / 175370 / 177868 / 172768 / 172760 / 1524
Boiler Pressure (psi / kPa)140 / 9.70160 / 11145 / 10140 / 9.70160 / 11
High Pressure Cylinders (dia x stroke) (in / mm)16" x 24" / 406x61018" x 24" / 457x61017" x 24" / 432x61016" x 24" / 406x61016" x 22" / 406x559
Tractive Effort (lbs / kg)10,596 / 4806.2715,108 / 6852.8812,572 / 5702.5710,752 / 4877.0312,766 / 5790.57
Factor of Adhesion (Weight on Drivers/Tractive Effort) 4.62 4.63 4.37 4.22 4.44
Heating Ability
Tubes (number - dia) (in / mm)160 - 2" / 51250 - 2" / 51186 - 2" / 51154 - 2" / 51146 - 2" / 51
Flues (number - dia) (in / mm)
Flue/Tube length (ft / m)11.31 / 3.4512 / 3.6611.04 / 3.3611.10 / 3.3811.58 / 3.53
Firebox Area (sq ft / m2)101 / 9.38148.80 / 13.82123 / 11.43108 / 10.0391.77 / 8.53
Grate Area (sq ft / m2)15.81 / 1.4718.20 / 1.6915.69 / 1.4616.04 / 1.4914.38 / 1.34
Evaporative Heating Surface (sq ft / m2)1050 / 97.551709 / 158.771198 / 111.301003 / 93.18971 / 90.21
Superheating Surface (sq ft / m2)
Combined Heating Surface (sq ft / m2)1050 / 97.551709 / 158.771198 / 111.301003 / 93.18971 / 90.21
Evaporative Heating Surface/Cylinder Volume187.84241.73189.86179.43189.65
Computations Relating to Power Output (More Information)
Robert LeMassena's Power Computation22132912227522462301
Same as above plus superheater percentage22132912227522462301
Same as above but substitute firebox area for grate area14,14023,80817,83515,12014,683
Power L144796477472243804468
Power MT403.04407.98378.55425.38347.45

All material Copyright © SteamLocomotive.com
Wes Barris