Atlantic, Suwanee River & Gulf / Seaboard Air Line / Georgia & Alabama / Florida Central & Peninsular / Georgia Florida & Alabama / East & West 4-6-0 "Ten-Wheeler" Type Locomotives

Class 122 (Locobase 4971)

Data from GF&A 5 - 1921 and SAL 1929 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection.

Light, branch-line freight Ten-wheeler delivered by Baldwin (class 10-28-D-55, works #19125) with a wood-bearing tender (3 1/2 cords of wood), a wood-burning firebox, and a cabbage stack to trap the sparks. By the time of the SAL diagrams, a coal-burning firebox had replaced the wood-burner and the tender carried coal.

Class 123 (Locobase 9347)

Data from GF&A 5 - 1921 and SAL 1929 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection.

A smaller Ten-wheeler than its immediate predecessor (see Locobase 4971), this Baldwin Class 10-28-D-56 (works #20460) came equipped with a similar wood-burning firebox and cabbage stack. And like the 122, 123 received a coal-burning firebox before its absorption into the SAL.

Class 124 (Locobase 9348)

Data from GF&A 5 - 1921 and SAL 1929 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection.

Compared to the previous two singleton Ten-wheelers from Baldwin (Locobases 4917 and 9347), this engine (class 10-30-D-442, works 22298) split the difference. The driver diameter was exactly the average of the other two, the boiler, grate, and firebox the same as 122, but the cylinders were an inch bigger in diameter. As with the others, a wood-burning firebox was replaced by one that could handle coal.

Class 125 (Locobase 9349)

Data from GF&A 5 - 1921 and SAL 1929 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection.

The last in a series of wood-burning Ten-wheelers supplied by Baldwin for the G F & A's branchlines, this pair was produced separately (works #26182, 27547) to the same design. The cylinder stroke increased by 2 inches over the 124 (Locobase 9348) and boiler pressure rose 10 psi. As delivered it had a cabbage stack as well as an extended smokebox.

Later the design was superheated. 130 small tubes were traded in for 30 5 3/8" superheater flues and steam was now distributed through piston valves using Walschaert radial valve gear. Alas, the SAL diagram doesn't give the resulting superheater area.

Class 5 (Locobase 9377)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

Produced in August 1889 (works #2286, road #5) and November 1889 (2436-2439), these Ten-wheelers were bought by the E & W at the same time as the Eight-wheelers shown in Locobase 9375. The tube count was the same, but each tube measured a foot longer.

As with the 4-4-0s, conversion from 3 ft to standard gauge dictated the purchases.

Class 687 (Locobase 5014)

Much of the data comes from http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal-steambk.html for 1929 locomotive diagrams. Firebox heating surface includes 13.94 sq ft of arch tubes.

Superheat surface area is estimated from the calculation of the area of the flues and a calculated average ratio based on more that 350 locomotive entries in Locobase where both flue surface area and superheater areas are known. It's a close fit that likely slightly understates the real area.

Class I-12 (Locobase 5001)

First of two CA&W classes that later operated on the SAL. Retirements began in 1930 with the last engine leaving service in 1946.

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html .

Class I-13 (Locobase 4999)

Awfully late in the game to be building a Ten-wheeler and one running on saturated steam at that. These branch-line, mixed-traffic locomotives were enlargements of the I-12s (5001) bought by the CA&W over the previous 6 years. They were operated by the SAL as late as 1946.

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html .

Class T16-B9 (Locobase 9354)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

This Ocean State pair of Ten-wheeler freighters (works #2234-2235) served the SAL. 103 was condemned on 31 July 1914. By that time, boiler pressure had been reduced to 125 psi with a commensurate drop in tractive effort to 13,000 lb. 104 had gone into switching service when it was renumbered 397 in April 1918. (Confusingly, the diagram shows that 103 was renumbered 396, although the listing of locomotives shows a condemnation date.)

Class T50-E7 (Locobase 9360)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

Rogers works numbers were 3671-3672 for these Ten-wheelers produced in January 1886.

Class T55-E10 (Locobase 9362)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

This was one of 3 locomotives owned by the ASR & G, a short line in northern Florida that soon came under the control of the Florida Central & Peninsular, which in turn was taken over by the Seaboard Air Line.

In 1919, the 375 went to Cuba to run on the S I & E as their 1368.

Class T55-E8 (Locobase 9361)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

Six years after Rogers delivered a pair of Ten-wheelers (Locobase 9360), the Paterson, NJ builder followed with another pair with a stouter boiler and smaller drivers. Works numbers were 4495-4496.

Class T60-I1 (Locobase 4982)

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html and SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

Branch-line Ten-wheeler with the third axle set behind the deep firebox. The first four (work #13692, 13695-13696, 13698) were manufactured in August 1893 as simple-expansion locomotives. The last two emerged in September as 4-cylinder Vauclain compounds; see Locobase 9366.

Class T60-I1 - compound (Locobase 9366)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

Locobase 4982 shows the first four engines in this class that were completed as simple-expansion locomotives. This entry shows the last two -- works #13719-13720 -- that emerged in September as 4-cylinder Vauclain compounds. The Connelly records show that 532 was rebuilt simple before being scrapped in December 1916. 533 became 1533 in 1918 and was scrapped in March 1923.

Class T60-I10 (Locobase 4995)

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html . We seem to be looking at a Ten-wheeler version of the G-3 4-4-0 class (Locobase 4996), but suitable for lighter rails and mixed traffic on branch lines (works #4941-4944, 4948-4950). Both came from Rogers in 1893, both boilers had 253 2" tubes and identical grate areas, both engines had a 109" wheelbase between the driver axles that flanked the firebox front and rear. The addition of the third axle forward stretched the boiler and lightened the axle loading.

Class T60-I2 (Locobase 9367)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

Unlike the Baldwins that went into service with the SAL in the same year (Locobases 4982, 9366), these Virginians (works #2363-2368) had fireboxes with sloping grates mounted over the rear axle. They were also a bit lighter.

Class T60-I3 (Locobase 9368)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

These were follow-on Ten-wheelers (works #2466-2470) that resembled the earlier Richmond locomotives (Locobase 9367), but had smaller boilers pressed to a higher degree.

Class T60-I4 (Locobase 4992)

Low-drivered Ten-wheeler for main-line freight operations, judging by the axle loading and driver diameter.

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html . Builder information from B Rumary list supplied by Allen Stanley in March 2004. Works numbers were 1622-1633 (June-July 1896) and 1791-1795 (April 1898). Just one of the class was sold; 559 went to the Raleigh & Charleston on 31 May 1917 as their #7. About half were scrapped in 1922-1923, the other half being retired in 1928-1930.

Class T60-I6 (Locobase 9369)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

This trio of Ten-wheeler freighters were produced in single numbers in May 1891 (works #11898, 11901, 11919), which took road numbers 120, 119, 121, respectively.

Class T60-I7 (Locobase 9370)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection. See Locobase 9351 for a description for the elegant diagrams that held the data for these locomotives.

The G & A took these three (works #2581-2583) at the same time the builder sent another trio to the Seaboard Air Line; the latter had 58" drivers (see Locobase 9368). Ultimately, the six would operate together on the SAL.

Class T74-I5 (Locobase 5002)

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html . MIddleweight Ten-wheelers used in fast freight service. Firebox heating surface included 15.35 sq ft of arch tubes. These were built in one big batch of works numbers 3051-3076.

Obviously overmatched by freight volume, they were retired in 1928-1933.

Class T74-I8 (Locobase 5004)

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html . Works numbers 2778-2781.

Class T80-K (Locobase 9372)

Data from SAL 9 - 1918 locomotive diagrams supplied in May 2005 by Allen Stanley from his extensive collection.

Works #34185-34186, 34207-34208, 34228-34229 (January 1910), 34258, 34309-34310, 34348-34350 (February 1910), 34365-34367 (March 1910). This class of Ten-wheelers came with saturated boilers and relatively ample dimensions, although the grate wasn't very big. The firebox heating surface included 31.5 sq ft of arch tubes.

They were big enough and new enough to be superheated; see Locobase 5013.

Class T80-K - superheated (Locobase 5013)

Much of the data comes from http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal-steambk.html for 1929 locomotive diagrams.

Locobase 9372 shows the original, saturated-boiler version of this class. Firebox heating surface includes 34.5 sq ft of arch tubes. Langley and Beckwith (in Drury -1993) note that the narrow-firebox design was "the subject of considerable tinkering with cylinders, valves, and driver size." All but one were rebuilt as L-series engines (652-654, 659 as L-2s and all the others but 658 as L-4s) with smaller drivers in 1933.

Superheat surface area is estimated from the calculation of the area of the flues and a calculated average ratio based on more that 350 locomotive entries in Locobase where both flue surface area and superheater areas are known. It's a close fit that likely slightly understates the real area.

Class T80-L2 (Locobase 4991)

Straightforward mainline Ten-wheeler from Baldwin and Richmond that formed the second-largest 4-6-0 class on the SAL. Retirements occurred from 1936 to 1950.

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html . Drawings for the 1902 Richmond batch (600-608) show a few more tubes (332 vs 328), which increased the tube heating surface to 2448.16 sq ft. These also were lighter engines, coming at 120,000 lb on the drivers. According to 1929 drawings for the 610-618 batch, 615 had Southern valve gear.

Class T82-L4 (Locobase 5003)

For the first decade of their service, this large class of Tenwheelers was the fast freight engine exemplar on the SAL. Richmond built a majority of the class, beginning with works #38950-38952 in 1905 and continuing in 1906 (40656-40665, 40774-40783) and 1907 (43756-43770).

Baldwin contributed 738-747 (29598, 29604, 29642-29644, 29722-29723, 29769-29770) in 1906 and 778-787 (works 31361-31362, 31402-31404, 31449, 31463, 31520-31521, 31556) in 1907.

Seven were superheated along the lines of the T80 superheating program (Locobase 5013) in the 1930s. Retirements spanned decades, the first coming in 1922 (possibly from an accident) and the last closing out the class in 1952.

Data from 1929 SAL locomotive diagrams published on http://www.dnaco.net/~gelwood/other/sal--steambk.html .

Specifications
Class1221231241255687I-12I-13T16-B9T50-E7T55-E10T55-E8T60-I1T60-I1 - compoundT60-I10T60-I2T60-I3T60-I4T60-I6T60-I7T74-I5T74-I8T80-KT80-K - superheatedT80-L2T82-L4
Locobase ID49719347934893499377501450014999935493609362936149829366499593679368499293699370500250049372501349915003
RailroadGeorgia Florida & Alabama (SAL)Georgia Florida & Alabama (SAL)Georgia Florida & Alabama (SAL)Georgia Florida & Alabama (SAL)East & West (SAL)Georgia Florida & Alabama (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Florida Central & Peninsular (SAL)Atlantic, Suwanee River & Gulf (SAL)Florida Central & Peninsular (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Florida Central & Peninsular (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Georgia & Alabama (SAL)Georgia & Alabama (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Georgia & Alabama (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)Seaboard Air Line (SAL)
Whyte4-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-04-6-0
Road Numbers122 / 684123 / 685124 / 686125-126 / 687-6885, 7-10 / 450-454687-688671-680681-683103-104 / 396-397201-202101 / 375207-208 / 362-363528-531 / 1528-1531532-533209-215 / 364-370534-539 / 1534-1539547-551552-568 / 1552-1568118-120128-130576-600 / 1575-1599136-139 / 1571-157431-45650-66451-100 / 600-649725-757, 763-787
GaugeStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStdStd
BuilderBurnham, Williams & CoBurnham, Williams & CoBurnham, Williams & CoBurnham, Williams & CoRhode IslandBurnham, Williams & CoBaldwinBaldwinRhode IslandRogersBurnham, Williams & CoRogersBurnham, Williams & CoBurnham, Williams & CoRogersRichmondRichmondPittsburghBurnham, Williams & CoRichmondRichmondRichmondBurnham, Williams & CoBaldwinseveralseveral
Year19011902190319061890190619091915188918881893189218931893189418931895189618911896190018981910193319031905
Valve GearStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonWalschaertWalschaertWalschaertStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonStephensonSouthernStephensonStephenson
Locomotive Length and Weight
Driver Wheelbase11.33'11'11.33'11.33'14.17'11.33'11.33'13'8'13.58'13.83'14'14.67'14.67'14.50'12.58'11.75'11.75'11.50'12.08'12'12.09'13.50'13.50'13.50'13.50'
Engine Wheelbase21.59'21.25'21.58'21.58'25'22.17'22.17'24.17'22.37'23.58'25.06'25.50'25.42'25.42'25.08'23.17'21.92'21.92'22.25'22.83'21.92'22.83'24.33'24.33'24.33'24.33'
Ratio of driving wheelbase to overall engine wheebase 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.53 0.57 0.51 0.51 0.54 0.36 0.58 0.55 0.55 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
Overall Wheelbase (engine & tender)45.29'46.62'46.62'50'51.13'52.46'44.29'45.87'47.81'48.54'46.12'48.25'48.23'47.75'50.25'48.60'55.58'56.23'53.91'53.90'
Axle Loading (Maximum Weight per Axle)31500 lbs29080 lbs31760 lbs30834 lbs33084 lbs34600 lbs31334 lbs31334 lbs31334 lbs30000 lbs35834 lbs39900 lbs36650 lbs35334 lbs46700 lbs48700 lbs45780 lbs45700 lbs
Weight on Drivers87910 lbs77920 lbs87440 lbs92500 lbs88650 lbs92500 lbs99250 lbs103800 lbs71900 lbs93400 lbs76000 lbs81200 lbs94000 lbs94000 lbs94000 lbs90000 lbs106000 lbs104800 lbs90300 lbs105800 lbs106700 lbs106000 lbs136850 lbs139350 lbs132610 lbs125300 lbs
Engine Weight111910 lbs101240 lbs115120 lbs116500 lbs111100 lbs116500 lbs128800 lbs139200 lbs96100 lbs99200 lbs102000 lbs109200 lbs127000 lbs127000 lbs127000 lbs120000 lbs132000 lbs131150 lbs115100 lbs132000 lbs135500 lbs138000 lbs173700 lbs177200 lbs165090 lbs161050 lbs
Tender Light Weight70000 lbs62000 lbs63500 lbs8000 lbs72400 lbs90000 lbs100000 lbs66000 lbs47700 lbs70000 lbs59950 lbs73000 lbs73000 lbs71458 lbs73000 lbs80800 lbs80800 lbs71100 lbs83000 lbs80800 lbs84000 lbs125368 lbs125368 lbs104000 lbs104000 lbs
Total Engine and Tender Weight181910 lbs163240 lbs178620 lbs124500 lbs183500 lbs0218800 lbs239200 lbs162100 lbs146900 lbs172000 lbs169150 lbs200000 lbs200000 lbs198458 lbs193000 lbs212800 lbs211950 lbs186200 lbs215000 lbs216300 lbs222000 lbs299068 lbs302568 lbs269090 lbs265050 lbs
Tender Water Capacity3500 gals4000 gals4000 gals3500 gals4500 gals5000 gals2700 gals2600 gals3500 gals3200 gals3200 gals3200 gals4000 gals3200 gals4000 gals4000 gals3500 gals4000 gals4000 gals4500 gals6500 gals6500 gals5000 gals5000 gals
Tender Fuel Capacity (oil/coal)3 tons4 tons4 tons tons tons6 tons8 tons tons tons tons tons tons tons8 tons tons tons tons tons tons tons tons10 tons10 tons tons tons
Minimum weight per yard of rail on which locomotive could run48.84 lb rail43.29 lb rail48.58 lb rail51.39 lb rail49.25 lb rail51.39 lb rail55.14 lb rail57.67 lb rail39.94 lb rail51.89 lb rail42.22 lb rail45.11 lb rail52.22 lb rail52.22 lb rail52.22 lb rail50 lb rail58.89 lb rail58.22 lb rail50.17 lb rail58.78 lb rail59.28 lb rail58.89 lb rail76.03 lb rail77.42 lb rail73.67 lb rail69.61 lb rail
Geometry Relating to Tractive Effort
Driver Diameter50"62"56"56"54"62"57"62"50"57"57"55"63"63"57"63"58"58"55"55"60"55"72"72"67"60"
Boiler Pressure170 psi180 psi180 psi190 psi160 psi190 psi180 psi185 psi140 psi130 psi160 psi160 psi170 psi170 psi165 psi170 psi180 psi180 psi150 psi180 psi190 psi180 psi200 psi200 psi200 psi200 psi
Cylinders (dia x stroke)17" x 24"17" x 24"18" x 24"18" x 26"19" x 24"18" x 26"18" x 26"19" x 26"16" x 24"18" x 24"18" x 24"18" x 24"19" x 24"13.5" x 24"19" x 24"19" x 24"19" x 24"19" x 24"19" x 24"19" x 24"19" x 26"19" x 26"21" x 28"21" x 28"20" x 28"19" x 28"
Tractive Effort20045 lbs17116 lbs21245 lbs24294 lbs21820 lbs21943 lbs22612 lbs23806 lbs14623 lbs15075 lbs18553 lbs19228 lbs19872 lbs14923 lbs21318 lbs19872 lbs22855 lbs22855 lbs20085 lbs24102 lbs25264 lbs26110 lbs29155 lbs29155 lbs28418 lbs28639 lbs
Factor of Adhesion (Weight on Drivers/Tractive Effort) 4.39 4.55 4.12 3.81 4.06 4.22 4.39 4.36 4.92 6.20 4.10 4.22 4.73 6.30 4.41 4.53 4.64 4.59 4.50 4.39 4.22 4.06 4.69 4.78 4.67 4.38
Heating Ability
Firebox Area146 sq. ft106.30 sq. ft146 sq. ft152 sq. ft165.94 sq. ft152 sq. ft148 sq. ft123 sq. ft110.70 sq. ft134.95 sq. ft139.54 sq. ft152.87 sq. ft152.87 sq. ft143.25 sq. ft120.74 sq. ft158.47 sq. ft150.35 sq. ft142 sq. ft176 sq. ft185.15 sq. ft176 sq. ft208.50 sq. ft211.50 sq. ft169 sq. ft167.50 sq. ft
Grate Area22.50 sq. ft19.70 sq. ft22.40 sq. ft22.40 sq. ft19.20 sq. ft22.40 sq. ft22.40 sq. ft31.70 sq. ft16.24 sq. ft15.50 sq. ft17.12 sq. ft16.80 sq. ft18.60 sq. ft18.60 sq. ft17.52 sq. ft19.20 sq. ft23.80 sq. ft23.40 sq. ft23.80 sq. ft23.78 sq. ft24.38 sq. ft23.78 sq. ft36.20 sq. ft36.20 sq. ft31.50 sq. ft30.90 sq. ft
Evaporative Heating Surface16381273162819201522144317171936120313161472144918731873180618431735160019081736192517362625187225882586
Superheating Surface328391
Combined Heating Surface16381273162819201522177117171936120313161472144918731873180618431735160019081736192517362625226325882586
Evaporative Heating Surface/Cylinder Volume259.79201.90230.31250.73193.25188.44224.22226.91215.40186.18208.25204.99237.82471.07229.31234.01220.30203.15242.26220.42225.62203.47233.86166.78254.20281.44
Computations Relating to Power Output (More Information)
Robert LeMassena's Power Computation38253546403242563072425640325864.502273.6020152739.202688316231622890.8032644284421235704280.404632.204280.407240724063006180
Same as above plus superheater percentage382535464032425630725044.2440325864.502273.6020152739.202688316231622890.8032644284421235704280.404632.204280.4072408490.9263006180
Same as above but substitute firebox area for grate area24820191342628028880037367.89273602738017220143912159222326.4025987.9025987.9023636.2520525.8028524.6027063213003168035178.50316804170049608.573380033500
Power L15320.645323.345604.296206.27013395.565531.315995.723797.643266.334616.294454.215977.394079.095019.975545.295583.675195.724570.655480.596348.285059.007841.6713787.877530.667451.76
Power MT400.30451.85423.90443.760957.80368.60382.03349.33231.30401.73362.80420.57287.01353.21407.51348.39327.90334.77342.61393.50315.66378.98654.40375.59393.34

Credits

Introduction and specifications provided by Steve Llanso of Sweat House Media.

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