Danske Statsbaner 4-4-0 Locomotives in Denmark

Class A - superheated (Locobase 4005)

Data from William Bay, Danmarks Damplokomotiver (1977). Class information from [].

This class was introduced in 1882 as a numerous, active class of 4-4-0s (Locobase 4004). Even so, it's a bit surprising to see 10 of them superheated beginning 45 years after their service entry.

Class C (Locobase 4021)

Data from William Bay, Danmarks Damplokomotiver (1977) and O. Busse, "Comparison of the Wear of Wheels of Locomotives with Inside and with Outside Cylinders", 1906 Bulletin of the International Railway Congress, pp.581-592 . Esslingen built the first 5 in 1903; works numbers were 3245-3249 . Six years later, Schwartzkopff delivered the other 14; works numbers were 4173-4186.

Busse's test of wheel wear confirmed his opinion that locomotives with inside cylinders, such as these C-class engines, inflicted less wear on their drivers. He had concluded already that inside-cylinder locomotives needed fewer repairs and were thus more profitable than their outside-cylinder counterparts.

Most Cs were superheated within a few years of entering service; see 4022.

[]

Class C - superheated (Locobase 4022)

Data from William Bay, Danmarks Damplokomotiver (1977). Class information from []. After only a few years in service, a few of the C class were superheated. C 701-C 703, C 705 received the modification in 1913; C 704, C 712 in 1915; C 707, C 710, C 715 in 1917.

After that, most of these locomotives operated well into the 1950s and a few survived until the late 1960s.

Class K (l) (Locobase 4010)

Data from WilliamBay, Danmarks Damplokomotiver (1977) and O. Busse, "Comparison of the Wear of Wheels of Locomotives with Inside and with Outside Cylinders", 1906 Bulletin of the International Railway Congress, pp.581-592.

According to Jens Vesterdahl's Danish Steam Locomotives site -- [] (9 July 2003) -- the builders over an 8-year period were:

Neilson (Scotland) K 501-K 505 (works #4742-4746) in 1894,

Breda (Italy) K 566-K 585 (works 494-513) in 1900 and, from Germany:

Hartmann K 506-K 520 in 1896 (works 2117-2124, 2148-2150, 218.-2186), K 541-K 551 in 1898 (works 2324-2334)

Esslingen K 521-K 540 in 1897, K 552-K 565 in 1898-1899 (works 2989-3002)

Hanomag K 586-K 595 in 1901 (works 3573-3582), and

Maffei K 596-K 600 in 1902 (works 2251-2255). See also []

Like the later Class Ps, these were designed by Otto Busse (Director-in-Chief of the Mechanical Department of the DSR). OS Nock (RWC III, pl 132), observing the apparently complicated valve gear on the first driving axle, identifies it as the straightforward Allan link motion. He adds: "They were excellent engines in service and provided yet another example of the saying of an English engineer: 'Who has ever heard of a bad engine with Allan valve gear!'"

Class K (lI) (Locobase 4011)

Data from William Bay, Danmarks Damplokomotiver (1977). Class information from [].

As can be seen by the number in the class, the DSB superheated 2/5ths of the K class described in Locobase 4010. The largest single year for upgrades was the first - 1913, when 13 locomotives were modified, followed by 1914, which took up another 10.

The locomotives in the upgrade program were:

1913 501-505, 531, 536, 542, 551, 557, 559, 569, 587-588, 596, 598

1914 519, 524, 541, 543, 565-567, 571, 581, 597

1915 577, 599

1916 548, 594-595

1917 545, 552, 561, 590-591, 593

1923 resumed the program for a single year and upgraded 540, 546, 554, 574

Very few of this class retired before the 1950s. 556 was retired and scrapped in 1935 while 541 and 557 went in September 1938. The rest of the class, superheated or no, didn't start retirements until 1950 and a few survived until the early 1960s.