Bavarian State 0-4-0 Locomotives in Germany


Class Details by Steve Llanso of Sweat House Media

Class ML 2/2 /BR 361 (Locobase 21160)

Data from"Bayerische ML 2/2" in Wikipedia at [link], last accessed 30 November 2023; and Kurt Hering, "Das Verkehrs- und Maschinenwesen auf der bayerischenJubilaums-Landesausstellung zu Nurnberg 1906" in Glasers Annalen fur Geverbe und Bauwesen, No 706 (15 November 1906), pp-191 Works numbers were 2501-2503, 2524, and 2619-2638

Locobase 4882 describes the Krauss Munich "Glaskasten" tank locomotive that went into service at the same time as these engines. They shared unusual approaches to powering their drivers. The first 24 Glaskasten used a blind axle that took the piston thrust and transmitted it to the drivers.

For these ML 2/2s, Locobase repeats the description that first appeared in the MCCi rail motor coach entry in Locobase 10598.

On each side was a cylinder from which a crosshead emerged from each end and to each of which one of the wheels on that side of the bogie was connected. In other words, there was a drive train for each of the four wheels of the bogie. Moreover, the two wheels on each side were coupled. Add to that a small, but superheated boiler pressed to a high degree and the engines offered a potentially powerful package.

For a while, the compact, but complicated power system proved quite satisfactory in lokalbahn service. The unusual design also appeard in the MCCi rail motors.

In 1922, the Bavarian State sold three of the class to the Vereinigten Schamottefabriken (United Fireclay Factories).

But when the DRG took over the stud in 1924, they placed the ML 2/2s in a class, but did not actually operate any of them until the railway decommissioned them in the same year.


Class Glaskasten/BR 98.3 (Locobase 4882)

Data from [link] and [link] (October 2002). See also Alfred Gieseler, "Baureihe 98 301-309", Dampfmaschinen und Lokomotiven website at [link] and "Baureihe 98 310-322" at [link] , last accessed 30 September 2019. Works numbers were 5889-5917 in 1908, 6227-6229 in 1909, 6394-6402 in 1911, 6888-6891 in 1914

Built to pull local suburban traffic, these "Glass Cases" had an unusual look as well as several unusual features. The look consisted of a large cab that straddled most of the boiler and had three windows per side (hence the nickname). Behind the footplate, the coal bunker sat high so coal would feed semi-automatically into the firebox.

Most had the "blind axle" between the drive wheels; 13 did not. The outside cylinders drove on the blind, wheelless axle and coupling rods drove the two visible axles on either end,. See Locobase 21160 for the Maffei approach to a similar design.

According to [link], these were the second attempt at these little tanks, the first having failed to satisfy because of maintenance difficulties. The Glaskasten were produced over a period of six years. The blind-axle version (35 vehicles) was delivered first, in 1908-1909 with the somewhat shorter, two-axle 4536-4548 delivered in 1911 and 1914.

Examples found their way into service in Austria, Norway, and Switzerland as well as Germany. 22 were taken into the national Reichsbahn as Class 98.301.


Class MCCi (Locobase 10598)

Data from "Steam Rail Motor Coach, Bavarian State Rys," The Locomotive Magazine, Volume XII (15 December 1906), p. 207; Kurt Hering, "Das Verkehrs- und Maschinenwesen auf der bayerischenJubilaums-Landesausstellung zu Nurnberg 1906" in Glasers Annalen fur Geverbe und Bauwesen, No 706 (15 November 1906), pp-189-. and "Bayerischer MCCi" in Wikipedia at [link], last accessed 28 November 2023. Works numbers were 2469-2470, 2497-2500 in 1905, 2523 in 1906.

Note: Wikipedia.de disagrees with the 1906 Glaser's data. Both sources originated from Germany, but Locobase uses the data from Glaser's as it reported the figures presented by Maffei in the 1906 exhibition.

This might be the most interesting steam rail motor design to enter service, and one of the most interesting of any kind of steam vehicle. Maffei delivered 24 ML 2/2 (PtL 2/2) at the same time. Although the seven MCCi rail motors used the same powerplant design, they had less cylinder volume and consequently less power .

The chief novelty lay in the dual-piston arrangement in each cylinder. On each side was a cylinder from which a crosshead emerged from each end and to each of which one of the wheels on that side of the bogie was connected. In other words, there was a drive train for each of the four wheels of the bogie. Moreover, the two wheels on each side were coupled. Add to that a small, but superheated boiler pressed to a high degree and Locobase suspects this design represented the acme of how to propel a rail motor with steam.

Otherwise, the MCCis looked little different from other rail motors. MAN's coach body held 52 seats and 20 standee positions reached through two doors on each side, which suited their role in serving Munich's suburban traffic on three lines: Munich-Holzkirchen, Munich-Weilheim, and Munich-Herrsching.

At the time it was being tested, it was described as having a miminum curve radius of 600 ft (quite large) and speed restricted to 75 km/h (47 mph). The "We understand," said the LM report, "that it has been found to work with efficiency and economy."

When the BayernBahn's motive power entered the DRG rolls in 1924, four of the cars were converted to electric power and fell into D4i elT class. A diesel mu car created from a fifth MCCi proved much less successful and was taken out of service by 1930.

Principal Dimensions by Steve Llanso of Middle Run Media
Class ML 2/2 /BR 361Glaskasten/BR 98.3MCCi
Locobase ID21160 4882 10598
RailroadBavarian StateBavarian StateBavarian State
CountryGermanyGermanyGermany
Whyte0-4-0T0-4-0T0-4-0+4
Number in Class24427
Road Numbers4001-4024/BR 98 361-3844507-454814501-14507
GaugeStdStdStd
Number Built24427
BuilderMaffeiKraussMaffei
Year190619081907
Valve GearHeusingerHeusingerHeusinger
Locomotive Length and Weight
Driver Wheelbase (ft / m) 9.81 / 2.9910.50 / 3.20 9.02 / 2.75
Engine Wheelbase (ft / m) 9.81 / 2.9910.50 / 3.20 9.02 / 2.75
Ratio of driving wheelbase to overall engine wheelbase111
Overall Wheelbase (engine & tender) (ft / m)10.50 / 3.2051.53 / 15.71
Axle Loading (Maximum Weight per Axle) (lbs / kg)25,133 / 11,40025,133 / 11,400
Weight on Drivers (lbs / kg)46,297 / 21,00050,045 / 22,70040,124 / 18,200
Engine Weight (lbs / kg)46,297 / 21,00050,045 / 22,700
Tender Loaded Weight (lbs / kg)
Total Engine and Tender Weight (lbs / kg)
Tender Water Capacity (gals / ML)528 / 2528 / 21056 / 4
Tender Fuel Capacity (oil/coal) (gals/tons / Liters/MT) 1.10 / 1 0.70 / 1 0.70 / 0.60
Minimum weight of rail (calculated) (lb/yd / kg/m)39 / 19.5042 / 21
Geometry Relating to Tractive Effort
Driver Diameter (in / mm)39 / 99039.60 / 100639 / 990
Boiler Pressure (psi / kPa)174 / 1200174 / 1200235 / 1620
High Pressure Cylinders (dia x stroke) (in / mm)10.43" x 11.02" / 265x28012.6" x 15.75" / 320x4007.87" x 10.24" / 200x260 (4)
Tractive Effort (lbs / kg)4546 / 2062.039339 / 4236.106497 / 2946.99
Factor of Adhesion (Weight on Drivers/Tractive Effort)10.18 5.36 6.18
Heating Ability
Tubes (number - dia) (in / mm)124 - 1.319" / 33.576 - 1.496" / 38196 - 1.319" / 33.5
Flues (number - dia) (in / mm)10 - 4.173" / 10612 - 4.252" / 108
Flue/Tube length (ft / m) 7.22 / 2.20 7.22 / 2.20 4.92 / 1.50
Firebox Area (sq ft / m2)32.83 / 3.0532.83 / 3.0537.35 / 3.47
Grate Area (sq ft / m2) 8.93 / 0.83 6.46 / 0.60 9.26 / 0.86
Evaporative Heating Surface (sq ft / m2)382 / 35.50311 / 28.90443 / 41.17
Superheating Surface (sq ft / m2)70 / 6.5087 / 8.1075 / 6.95
Combined Heating Surface (sq ft / m2)452 / 42398 / 37518 / 48.12
Evaporative Heating Surface/Cylinder Volume350.54136.82384.19
Computations Relating to Power Output (More Information)
Robert LeMassena's Power Computation155411242176
Same as above plus superheater percentage178713712481
Same as above but substitute firebox area for grate area6569696910,006
Power L112,207635717,284
Power MT1162.57560.09

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