Bavarian State 2-2-2 Locomotives in Germany


Class Details by Steve Llanso of Sweat House Media

Class A I (Locobase 5864)

Christian Lindecke [link] (visited 12 December 2003) for data.

Similar to the Baden State 1 bs that entered service in the same year, these were designed by the K. Bay Staatsbahn to have interchangeable part (something of novelty then and later). The specified performance was sustaining 33 km/h (20.5 mph) up a 0.5% grade with a 70-ton train.

Lindecke says that Maffei, Kessler, Karlsruhe, and Meyer in Muhlhausen (Alsace) each supplied 8 locomotives. Since he notes in two other spots that a total of 24 was supplied, perhaps he meant six each. Lindecke also shows two grate areas. I'm inferring that the majority was delivered with the larger grate; the smaller grate measured 0.72 sq m (7.75 sq ft).

In any event, these little locomotives gave 30 years of service in most cases, most being retired from 1871-1874, but 4 being converted to a B I class layout and 4 to the C I design, and 3 more being sold to the Ludwigsbahn.


Class A II (Locobase 5949)

Data from Christian Lindecke's website [link] (visited 28 Nov 2003) (translated by Google).

A Longboiler design riding on a passenger arrangement supplied by Kessler (7) and Maffei (6). According to Lindecke, one difference between the two builders was Maffei's placing the feed pumps inside and Kessler locating them outside.

Considerably heavier overall than the A I, these locomotives still put only a small percentage of that weight on the drivers. The wheelbase on these locomotives proved too short for a smooth ride at first and the rear axle was moved back 5" (127 mm).

Later updated with a Crampton boiler, some were retired in 1871 to 1877 while six were converted to the 0-6-0 wheel arrangement and grouped with the C I class.


Class A III (Locobase 5950)

Data from Christian Lindecke's website [link] (visited 28 Nov 2003) (translated by Google).

The first two -- Ries and Altmuhl -- were delivered some time before the other pair -- Pegnitz and Rezat. This design represented a reversion to a short boiler with many more tubes in an effort to ameliorate the riding qualities of the 2-2-2 arrangement while maintaining as much heating surface as possible. The grate was enlarged in a firebox now fully supported by the rear axle and the cylinders were bored out by another 1 1/2".

The result was not strikingly successful, says Lindecke, although conversion to other arrangements (2 to the C I 0-6-0 class, 2 to the B I class) came only in 1868-1871. By that time their small dimensions meant retirement only a few years later in 1874-1878.


Class A IV (Locobase 5913)

Christian Lindecke [link] (visited 12 December 2003) for data. Lindecke says these were the first express locomotives for the K.Bay.Sts.B. Their names, in numerical order, were Paar, Hassfurt, Schweinfurt, Wurzburg, Pleinfeld, Wiesent, Schmutter, and Zusam.

The firebox was carried over the trailing axle for the first time, the boiler was enlarged, and the tubes were lengthened to provide more heating surface. Probably because of their small size, all but one of the Paars was scrapped in 1883 rather than being converted to a C1 class configuration.


Class AV - Roth (Locobase 5914)

Christian Lindecke [link] (visited 12 December 2003) for data.

This one AV was built for a Munich exposition. It had taller drivers, more heating surface area, a slightly larger grate, and Stephenson valve motion. Lindecke says it served as the prototype for the Ostbahn's 1859 2-2-2s. The Roth was retired in 1886.


Class Der Munchner (Locobase 5865)

Christian Lindecke [link] (visited 12 December 2003) for data.

The Municher was based on English designs, but is distinguished for its being the first locomotive built in Bavaria. Although its boiler was smaller than the later A Is, this one-off had a sizable grate. In any case, it showed decent pulling power, hauling 161-ton trains at 32 km/h (20 mph) between Munich and Augsburg until 1859. Its sale led to further use until 1871, when the Municher was scrapped.


Class Group AV (Locobase 554)

Data from Christian Lindecke [link] (visited 12 December 2003). (Reder, 1974, gives 685 sq ft for the heating surface area, but Lindecke says the A V used the A IV boiler, which is the value shown in the table. Also, Reder's weights -- 19,845 lb adhesion, 48,510 lb total -- are lower than Lindecke. Again the latter numbers are adopted. The difference may have lain in domeless (early) vs domed boilers (later)).

Reder notes that these were small, speedy engines based on Joseph Hall's patents and developed while Hall was technical director of Maffei. The crank web and eccentrics were forged in one piece and held on the axle stub with a key (unlike Baldwin's design, where the crank web and the driver were formed as one piece). The web also had a bearing collar welded to it, which gave a greater bearing surface than an axle journal and permitted it to be thinner. Both patents were designed to overcome the "boxing" problems posed by the outside-cylinder, outside-drive Forrester design. The inside-mounted Meyer double-valve expansion gear was operated by an intermediate, bayonet-shaped link.

Lindecke says that those that operated on southern lines were modified to burn peat. The class persisted for several decades. The first was retired in 1884, the last in 1899.

23 AVs were followed by a total of 329 2-4-0s that ran on the Bavarian State railroad until 1887 and several classes of 0-6-0s.

Principal Dimensions by Steve Llanso of Middle Run Media
ClassA IA IIA IIIA IVAV - Roth
Locobase ID5864 5949 5950 5913 5914
RailroadBavarian StateBavarian StateBavarian StateBavarian StateBavarian State
CountryGermanyGermanyGermanyGermanyGermany
Whyte2-2-22-2-22-2-22-2-22-2-2
Number in Class2413481
Road Numbers1-2466-67, 75, 7784-87, 92-95172
GaugeStdStdStdStdStd
Number Built2413481
BuilderseveralseveralMaffeiMaffei
Year18441847185118521853
Valve GearMeyerStephensonMeyerMeyerStephenson
Locomotive Length and Weight
Driver Wheelbase (ft / m)
Engine Wheelbase (ft / m)
Ratio of driving wheelbase to overall engine wheelbase
Overall Wheelbase (engine & tender) (ft / m)
Axle Loading (Maximum Weight per Axle) (lbs / kg)16,755 / 760025,353 / 11,50023,149 / 10,500
Weight on Drivers (lbs / kg)15,058 / 683016,755 / 760025,353 / 11,50023,149 / 10,500
Engine Weight (lbs / kg)37,787 / 17,14048,061 / 21,80051,368 / 23,30061,509 / 27,90057,320 / 26,000
Tender Loaded Weight (lbs / kg)
Total Engine and Tender Weight (lbs / kg)
Tender Water Capacity (gals / ML)
Tender Fuel Capacity (oil/coal) (gals/tons / Liters/MT)
Minimum weight of rail (calculated) (lb/yd / kg/m)25 / 12.5028 / 1442 / 2139 / 19.50
Geometry Relating to Tractive Effort
Driver Diameter (in / mm)60 / 152460 / 152460 / 152466 / 167672 / 1830
Boiler Pressure (psi / kPa)90 / 62087 / 60087 / 600101.50 / 700101.50 / 700
High Pressure Cylinders (dia x stroke) (in / mm)12" x 20" / 305x50812.5" x 22" / 318x56014" x 22" / 356x56015" x 22" / 381x56015" x 22.05" / 381x560
Tractive Effort (lbs / kg)3672 / 1665.594237 / 1921.875315 / 2410.856471 / 2935.205945 / 2696.61
Factor of Adhesion (Weight on Drivers/Tractive Effort) 4.10 3.95 3.92 3.89
Heating Ability
Tubes (number - dia) (in / mm)
Flues (number - dia) (in / mm)
Flue/Tube length (ft / m)10.10 / 3.08
Firebox Area (sq ft / m2)
Grate Area (sq ft / m2) 8.93 / 0.83 8.93 / 0.8310.54 / 0.9813.02 / 1.2111.84 / 1.10
Evaporative Heating Surface (sq ft / m2)764 / 71764 / 71654 / 60.81788 / 73.20839 / 78
Superheating Surface (sq ft / m2)
Combined Heating Surface (sq ft / m2)764 / 71764 / 71654 / 60.81788 / 73.20839 / 78
Evaporative Heating Surface/Cylinder Volume291.83244.50166.85175.12186.04
Computations Relating to Power Output (More Information)
Robert LeMassena's Power Computation80477791713221202
Same as above plus superheater percentage80477791713221202
Same as above but substitute firebox area for grate area
Power L1
Power MT

Principal Dimensions by Steve Llanso of Middle Run Media
ClassDer MunchnerGroup AV
Locobase ID5865 554
RailroadBavarian StateBavarian State
CountryGermanyGermany
Whyte2-2-22-2-2
Number in Class123
Road Numbers25
GaugeStdStd
Number Built123
BuilderMaffeiMaffei
Year18411853
Valve Gear
Locomotive Length and Weight
Driver Wheelbase (ft / m)
Engine Wheelbase (ft / m)11.52 / 3.51
Ratio of driving wheelbase to overall engine wheelbase
Overall Wheelbase (engine & tender) (ft / m)
Axle Loading (Maximum Weight per Axle) (lbs / kg)20,856 / 9460
Weight on Drivers (lbs / kg)14,881 / 675020,856 / 9460
Engine Weight (lbs / kg)30,424 / 13,80054,322 / 24,640
Tender Loaded Weight (lbs / kg)
Total Engine and Tender Weight (lbs / kg)
Tender Water Capacity (gals / ML)1320 / 5
Tender Fuel Capacity (oil/coal) (gals/tons / Liters/MT) 4.40 / 4
Minimum weight of rail (calculated) (lb/yd / kg/m)25 / 12.5035 / 17.50
Geometry Relating to Tractive Effort
Driver Diameter (in / mm)60 / 152465.90 / 1675
Boiler Pressure (psi / kPa)87 / 600103 / 710
High Pressure Cylinders (dia x stroke) (in / mm)12" x 18" / 305x45715" x 22.01" / 381x559
Tractive Effort (lbs / kg)3195 / 1449.236579 / 2984.19
Factor of Adhesion (Weight on Drivers/Tractive Effort) 4.66 3.17
Heating Ability
Tubes (number - dia) (in / mm)137 - 2.047" / 52
Flues (number - dia) (in / mm)
Flue/Tube length (ft / m) 9.51 / 2.90
Firebox Area (sq ft / m2)
Grate Area (sq ft / m2)10.01 / 0.9311.84 / 1.10
Evaporative Heating Surface (sq ft / m2)495 / 46789 / 73.30
Superheating Surface (sq ft / m2)
Combined Heating Surface (sq ft / m2)495 / 46789 / 73.30
Evaporative Heating Surface/Cylinder Volume210.08175.27
Computations Relating to Power Output (More Information)
Robert LeMassena's Power Computation8711220
Same as above plus superheater percentage8711220
Same as above but substitute firebox area for grate area
Power L1
Power MT

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