Baldwin 4-6-0 "Ten-Wheeler" Locomotives in the USA

Class Baldwin Vauclain Compound demo (Locobase 12007)

Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification for Engines as digitized by the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University, Volume 17, p. 163. See also "A very remarkable train .... " note, Railroad & Engineering Journal, Volume LXVI [66], No 2 (June 1892), p. 254; and Baldwin's 1892 compilation Report of Tests of Compound Locomotives on the Northern Pacific Railroad, New York and Pennsylvania Railroad, Western Maryland Railroad, Norfok and Western Railroad. printed for Burnham, Williams & Co, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, USA. (Thanks to Chris Hohl for 11 March 2022 email reporting several inconsistencies that Locobase traced to the use of the wrong Baldwin specification.) Works number was 12286 in October 1891.

This demonstrator is credited with sparking considerable interest in Samuel Vauclain's four-cylinder compounding system. Arguing for its usefulness as a true mixed-traffic locomotive, Baldwin built a large Ten-wheeler with relatively tall drivers, painted it olive green and gold, and let railroads across the country try out the design over the next five years.

R&EJ reported that the 82 ran continuously from Philadelphia to Chicago, stopping only to refuel and take on water. Its train consisted of 20 Forney locomotives (Locobase 6459) intended for use on the Chicago & South Side Elevated.

After its career as a demonstrator, 82 was rebuilt in 1896 as a simple-expansion freight engine with 19" x 24" and 54" drivers. It was sold to the Coudersport & Port Allegany as its #1 and operated for 45 more years.

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Class Baldwin exposition display (Locobase 16470)

Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works, World's Columbian Exposition of Locomotives by the Baldwin Locomotive Works (Philadelphia, Pa: J B Lippincott & Company, 1893), pp. 73-75. Works number was 13320 in April 1893, later renumbered 14420 in 1895.

Locobase 12007 describes the original Vauclain compound demonstrated from 1891. According to the Baldwin book, the Columbus had a similar role at the Chicago World's Fair and was shown "attached to train of Pullman Vestibule Cars, exhibited by the Pullman Palace Car Company, in Transportation Building, Sections Q and R."

It apparently returned to Baldwin's Philadelphia works, perhaps to be refreshed for the 1895 Cotton States Exhibition in Atlanta, Georgia. Appropriately renamed, the Atlanta also received a new construction number in September 1895. (The 13320 had been reused for the F A Hill, a 0-6-0T bought by the Southwest Virginia Improvement Company)